home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=91TT1089>
- <title>
- May 20, 1991: "Love Canals In The Making"
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- May 20, 1991 Five Who Could Be Vice President
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ENVIRONMENT, Page 51
- "Love Canals in the Making"
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Pollution along the Mexican border is a growing health hazard
- and a hindrance to U.S. efforts to forge a free-trade pact
- </p>
- <p> In many places, you can smell the border before you see it.
- Some days an acrid brown cloud hangs over the city of El Paso in
- the U.S. and nearby Ciudad Juarez in Mexico, blotting out office
- buildings and the surrounding mountains. A fetid creek called
- the Nogales Wash carries raw sewage from shantytowns south of
- the border to Nogales, Ariz. In Matamoros, just across the Rio
- Grande from Brownsville, Texas, children and dogs play along
- ditches that are coated with an iridescent slick of aromatic
- chemicals, many of which are known or suspected carcinogens.
- "These are Love Canals in the making," says Guillermina
- Valdes-Villalva, director of a research institute in Tijuana.
- </p>
- <p> Over the past 10 years nearly 2,000 foreign-owned factories--most of them the property of U.S. corporations--have sprung up
- along the Mexican side of the 3,200-km (2,000-mile) border.
- Attracted by low wages and lax pollution laws, these assembly
- plants, or maquiladoras, have drawn thousands of Mexicans into
- already crowded border cities, overwhelming meager municipal
- services and turning much of the region into a cesspool--and a
- major foreign policy headache for the Bush Administration.
- </p>
- <p> The key to the border region's explosive growth is an
- experimental free-trade zone created in the 1960s for
- foreign-owned companies wishing to assemble products for the
- U.S. market. Parts brought into the zone are exempt from Mexican
- duties, and finished products sent back to the U.S. are taxed
- only on the value added by cut-rate Mexican labor. Now the
- Administration is asking Congress for free rein in negotiating
- a landmark agreement that would extend the duty-free zone to all
- of Mexico. The issue, which is set for a crucial vote by June
- 1, has run into fierce opposition from American labor unions,
- which fear it will cost their members thousands of high-paying
- jobs.
- </p>
- <p> The opponents of the free-trade pact have embraced the
- concerns of environmental groups, who say that without strict
- safeguards, the measure would be an invitation for U.S.
- companies to export their most polluting factories to Mexico.
- That is just what's happening now in the border region,
- according to a report issued last week by the National Toxic
- Campaign Fund, a Boston-based environmental organization. In
- spot samples taken near Mexican industrial parks, scientists
- found evidence that 75% of the sites were discharging toxic
- chemicals directly into public waterways. Measurements taken
- near one plant owned by General Motors showed concentrations of
- xylene, a toxic solvent, 6,300 times as high as the standard for
- U.S. drinking water. An employee told the N.T.C.F. that the
- company regularly pours untreated solvents right down the drain.
- GM disputes the findings.
- </p>
- <p> The American and Mexican governments are working hard to
- assuage environmentalists' fears. Mexico has closed nine
- maquiladoras since mid-March, and President Bush last month
- promised to pursue high-level environmental initiatives with
- President Carlos Salinas. But both administrations have a record
- of passing tough pollution laws and then failing to enforce
- them. If they want their promises to protect the rest of
- Mexico's environment taken seriously, they should begin by
- cleaning up the mess that has already been made.
- </p>
- <p> By Philip Elmer-DeWitt. Reported by Richard Woodbury/El
- Paso
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-